The positive ions and free electrons created by the passage of the charged fission fragment will then reunite, releasing energy in the form of heat (e.g., vibrational energy or rotational energy of atoms). The creation of ion pairs requires energy, which is lost from the kinetic energy of the charged fission fragment, causing it to decelerate. The fission fragments interact strongly (intensely) with the surrounding atoms or molecules traveling at high speed, causing them to ionize. The initial velocity of these fission fragments is of the order of 10 000 km per second. The largest part of the energy produced during fission (about 80 % or about 170 MeV or about 27 picojoules) appears as kinetic energy of the fission fragments. In most cases, the resultant fission fragments have masses that vary widely, but the most probable pair of fission fragments for the thermal neutron-induced fission of the 235U have masses of about 94 and 139. To understand this issue, we must first investigate a typical fission reaction such as the one listed below.Īs can be seen when the compound nucleus splits, it breaks into two fission fragments. Since the neutrinos are weakly interacting (with an extremely low cross-section of any interaction), they do not contribute to the energy that can be recovered in a reactor. For example, about 10 MeV is released in the form of neutrinos (in fact, antineutrinos). But not all the total energy can be recovered in a reactor. The total energy released in fission can be calculated from binding energies of the initial target nucleus to be fissioned and binding energies of fission products. At first, it is important to distinguish between the total energy released and the energy that can be recovered in a reactor. To calculate the power of a reactor, it is necessary to identify the individual components of this energy precisely. The total energy released in a reactor is about 210 MeV per 235U fission, distributed as shown in the table. The amount of energy depends strongly on the nucleus to be fissioned and depends strongly on an incident neutron’s kinetic energy. In general, nuclear fission results in the release of enormous quantities of energy.
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